一氧化碳问 & A

一氧化碳问答

什么是一氧化碳(CO)，它是如何产生的?

一氧化碳(CO)是一种致命的、无色、无味的有毒气体. 它是由各种燃料的不完全燃烧产生的, 包括煤, 木, 木炭, 石油, 煤油, 丙烷, 和天然气. 产品 and equipment powered by internal combustion engine-powered equipment such as portable generators, 汽车, 剪草机, 和强力清洗机也会产生一氧化碳.

有多少人无意间被一氧化碳中毒?

平均, about 170 people in the United States die every year from CO produced by non-automotive consumer products. 这些产品包括出现故障的燃烧燃料的电器，比如炉子, 范围, water heaters and room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable generators; fireplaces; and 木炭 that is burned in homes and other enclosed areas. In 2005 alone, CPSC staff is aware of at least 94 generator-related CO poisoning deaths. Forty-seven of these deaths were known to have occurred during power outages due to severe weather, 包括卡特里娜飓风. 还有一些人死于非消费品产生的一氧化碳, 比如停放在附属车库的汽车. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that several thousand people go to hospital emergency rooms every year to be treated for CO poisoning.

一氧化碳中毒的症状有哪些?

因为CO是无味的, 无色, 否则人类的感官无法察觉, 人们可能不知道自己被感染了. The initial symptoms of low to moderate CO poisoning are similar to the flu (but without the fever). 它们包括:

• 头疼
• 乏力
• 呼吸急促（气促）
• 恶心想吐
• 头晕

高浓度一氧化碳中毒会导致逐渐加重的症状，包括:

• 精神混乱
• 呕吐
• 肌肉协调性丧失
• 意识丧失
• 最终死亡

症状的严重程度与一氧化碳水平和暴露时间有关. 解决发展缓慢的住宅一氧化碳问题, occupants and/or physicians can mistake mild to moderate CO poisoning symptoms for the flu, 有时会导致悲惨的死亡. 对于快速发展，高水平一氧化碳暴露(e.g., 与住宅空间发电机的使用有关), 受害者会迅速变得精神错乱, and can lose muscle control without having first experienced milder symptoms; they will likely die if not rescued.

如何预防一氧化碳中毒?

• Make sure appliances are installed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions and local building codes. 大多数电器应该由合格的专业人员安装. Have the heating system professionally inspected and serviced annually to ensure proper operation. 检查员还应检查烟囱和烟道是否有堵塞, 腐蚀, 部分和完全断开, 和松散的连接.
• 在没有适当的知识、技能和工具的情况下，切勿维修燃烧的电器. Always refer to the owner's manual when performing minor adjustments or servicing fuel-burning equipment.
• Never operate a portable generator or any other gasoline engine-powered tool either in or near an enclosed space such as a 车库, 房子, 或其他建筑. 即使门窗都开着, 这些空间可以困住一氧化碳，让它迅速增长到致命的水平.
• 安装符合当前UL 2034或CSA 6要求的CO告警.19日安全标准. CO报警可以提供一些额外的保护, 但它不能替代正确使用和hth华体会下载可能产生一氧化碳的电器. 在家里每个独立的睡觉区域附近的走廊上安装一氧化碳报警器. 确保警报器不能被家具或窗帘盖住.
• 千万不要在家里使用便携式燃料燃烧野营设备, 车库, vehicle or tent unless it is specifically designed for use in an enclosed space and provides instructions for safe use in an enclosed area.
• 不要在家里、车库、车辆或帐篷内燃烧木炭.
• 即使车库门开着，也不要让车在附属的车库中行驶.
• 不要使用煤气灶，烤箱或干衣机来加热你的家.
• 不要在有人睡觉的房间里操作无排气装置的燃具.
• 天然气或丙烷炉底部是否不覆盖铝箔. 这样做会阻碍通过器具的燃烧气流，并会产生一氧化碳.
• During home renovations, ensure that appliance vents and chimneys are not blocked by tarps or debris. 当装修完成时，确保电器处于正常的工作状态.

一氧化碳含量对我的健康有多危险?

一氧化碳对健康的影响取决于一氧化碳的浓度和暴露时间, 以及每个人的健康状况. 一氧化碳浓度以百万分之一(ppm)计量。. Most people will not experience any symptoms from prolonged exposure to CO levels of approximately 1 to 70 ppm but some heart patients might experience an increase in chest pain. 随着一氧化碳含量增加并保持在70ppm以上, 症状变得更加明显，包括头痛, 乏力, 和恶心. 二氧化碳浓度持续高于150至200ppm, 定向障碍, 无意识, 死亡是可能的.

What should I do if I am experiencing symptoms of CO poisoning and do not have a CO alarm, 否则我的一氧化碳警报就不会响?

如果你觉得自己有一氧化碳中毒的症状, 立即出去呼吸新鲜空气. Leave the home and call your fire department to report your symptoms from a neighbor’s home. 如果你呆在家里，你可能会失去意识并死亡. 同样重要的是，要立即联系医生进行正确的诊断. 告诉你的医生你怀疑一氧化碳中毒是造成你的问题的原因. Prompt medical attention is important if you are experiencing any symptoms of CO poisoning. 如果医生证实一氧化碳中毒, make sure a qualified service person checks the appliances for proper operation before reusing them.

CO警报可靠吗?

CO alarms always have been and still are designed to alarm before potentially life-threatening levels of CO are reached. The safety standards for CO alarms have been continually improved and currently marketed CO alarms are not as susceptible to nuisance alarms as earlier models.

消费者应如何测试一氧化碳报警器以确保其正常工作?

消费者应遵循制造商的说明. 使用测试按钮测试电路是否正常运行, 不是传感器的精度. 告警有一个推荐的更换年龄, 哪些可以从产品资料或制造商那里得到.

如何安装一氧化碳警报器?

CO警报器应根据制造商的说明安装. CPSC recommends that one CO alarm be installed in the hallway outside the bedrooms in each separate sleeping area of the home. 一氧化碳报警器可以安装在插接式插座上，也可以安装在墙上. 硬线或插入式一氧化碳报警器应该有电池备份. Avoid locations that are near heating vents or that can be covered by furniture or draperies. CPSC does not recommend installing CO alarms in kitchens or above fuel-burning appliances.

当一氧化碳警报响起时，你该怎么办?

永远不要忽视警报CO警报! 它是在警告你有潜在的致命危险.

如果报警信号发出声音，不要尝试寻找CO的来源:

• 立即到室外呼吸新鲜空气.
• 打电话给你的紧急服务部门，消防部门或911.
• 拨打911后，清点人员，确认所有人都在. DO NOT reenter the premises until the emergency services responders have given you permission. 如果你回到家里，你可能会失去意识甚至死亡.
• 如确定CO的来源是一个发生故障的器具, DO NOT operate that appliance until it has been properly serviced by trained personnel.

如果当局允许你回家的话, 你的闹钟会在24小时内重新启动, 重复步骤1, 2 and 3 and call a qualified appliance technician to investigate for sources of CO from all fuel-burning equipment and appliances, 并检查该设备是否正常运行. If problems are identified during this inspection, have the equipment serviced immediately. Note any combustion equipment not inspected by the technician and consult the manufacturers’ instructions, 或直接联系厂家, 了解更多关于一氧化碳安全性和该设备的信息. 确保机动车辆不被污染, 并没有成为, 在附属车库或住宅附近作业.

美国的作用是什么.S. 消费品安全委员会(消费品安全委员会)，以防止一氧化碳中毒?

CPSC staff worked closely with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) to help develop the safety standard (UL 2034) for CO alarms. CPSC helps promote carbon monoxide safety by raising awareness of CO hazards and the need for correct use and regular maintenance of fuel-burning appliances. CPSC staff also works with stakeholders to develop voluntary and mandatory standards for fuel-burning appliances and conducts independent research into CO alarm performance under likely home-use conditions.

是否有些城市要求安装一氧化碳警报器?

Many states and local jurisdictions now require CO alarms to be installed in residences. Check with your local building code official to find out about the requirements in your location.

一氧化碳警报器是否应该用于汽车住宅和其他娱乐车辆?

一氧化碳警报器可用于船只和娱乐车辆，并应使用. The Recreation Vehicle Industry Association requires CO alarms in motor homes and in towable recreational vehicles that have a generator or are prepped for a generator.

U.S. 消费品安全委员会(消费品安全委员会)